Might have given me a clue, though.

How does your /etc/nsswitch.conf look like and what's the content of /etc/hosts?
Preferably of both systems, let's see if something is different.

/etc/nsswitch.conf on working system:

passwd: files nis systemd

shadow: files nis

group: files nis systemd

#hosts: db files nisplus nis dns

hosts: files dns nisplus nis mdns4_minimal myhostname mymachines

# Example - obey only what nisplus tells us...

#services: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#networks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#protocols: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#rpc: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#ethers: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#netmasks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

bootparams: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

ethers: files

netmasks: files

networks: files

protocols: files

rpc: files

services: files

#netgroup: files nis

publickey: nisplus

automount: files nis

aliases: files nisplus

/etc/nsswitch.conf on non-working system:

passwd: files nis systemd

shadow: files nis

group: files nis systemd

#hosts: db files nisplus nis dns

hosts: files nis mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns myhostname

# Example - obey only what nisplus tells us...

#services: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#networks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#protocols: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#rpc: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#ethers: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

#netmasks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

bootparams: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files

ethers: files

netmasks: files

networks: files

protocols: files

rpc: files

services: files

netgroup: files nis

publickey: nisplus

#automount: files nis sss

automount: files nis

aliases: files nisplus

/etc/hosts on working system:

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 localhost erdos

::1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost erdos

150.108.64.52 dsm.dsm.fordham.edu dsm

/etc/hosts on non-working system:

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

#::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

150.108.64.57 sobolev.dsm.fordham.edu sobolev

150.108.64.65 mandelbrot.dsm.fordham.edu mandelbrot

150.108.64.52 dsm.dsm.fordham.edu dsm

Maybe the system's short name or FQDN is not mapped to an address correctly?

I don't see where this could be happening but there are some differences from the 2 files you asked about. Note that the ipv6 option is commented OUT on the non-working system but could that be a reason? You can also see the hosts entry n in /etc/nsswitch.conf is slightly different.