Not really, I fear. I'm unable to reproduce this. Have tested both with the current X2Go nx-libs release builds and Mike#2's copr repo for the arctica version. In both cases MATE starts up without segfaulting in xcb.
However, for some reason I even have direct rendering available in the session. Merely through MESA's software renderer, but still working fine.
I can even disable the GLX extension. In this case, direct and indirect rendering are not available, but MATE is still starting up correctly.
People have suggested that libgles1/2 must be available on the system, so what about: rpm -qa | grep mesa-libGLES
It's there:
rpm -qa | grep mesa-libGLES
mesa-libGLES-17.2.2-2.fc26.x86_64